不规则动词
不规则动词
简介：
英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词尾加-ed构成，如果有e，只加d，而不规则动词的变化因词而异。
定义:
英语单词中由动词原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词（Irregular Verbs）。
现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化，例如：
park→parked （停车－－1864）
fax→faxed （以传真传送－－1979）
e-mail→e-mailed （以电脑网络传送－－1982）
（所附年次为最早用例出现年次－－O.E.D.）
因此，不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法，也不可能规避这些不规则动词。
从英语的演变来看，不规则动词就是强势动词（Strong Verbs）－－即其词形变化全依其本身之语音（尤其是元音）变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如：
原形： buy sing speak
过去式： bought sang spoke
过去分词： bought sung spoken
我们学习不规则动词的时候，最有效的方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象，了解其变化的型式，发出声音背念，使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing，这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了。
注：与强势动词相对，须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词（Weak Verbs）。
不规则动词表
A-A-A型
现在式、过去式和过去分词同形，保持不变，除进行式外
词例：
动词原形过去式过去分词意思
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
put put put 放下
read # read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 受伤
let let let 让 # “Read” 的“过去式”和“过去分词”的读音和动词原型的不同。
A-A-B型
现在式和过去式同形
词例：
动词原型过去式过去分词意思
beat beat beaten 打
A-B-A型
现在式和过去分词同形
词例：
动词原形过去式过去分词意思
come came come 来到
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome 征服，打败
A-B-B型
过去式与过去分词同形
分为以下情形：
① 在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t。
词例：
动词原形过去式过去分词意思
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned / learnt learned / learnt 学习
mean meant meant 含义
hear heard heard 听见② 把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”。
词例：
动词原形过去式过去分词意思
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借
send sent sent 传送
spend spent spent 花费③ 其他不规则的各种变化。
词例：
动词原形过去式过去分词意思动词原形过去式过去分词意思
pay paid paid 付钱 lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 战斗
think thought thought 思考 sleep slept slept 睡觉
feel felt felt 感觉 keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 理解 win won won 胜利
catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教
find found found 发现 get got got 得到
hold held held 握 leave left left 离开
make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见
shoot shot shot 射击 dig dug dug 挖
smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled 嗅，闻 shine shone / shined shone / shined 发光
sit sat sat 坐下 have had had 有
A-B-C型
三词不同形
分为以下情形：
① 在动词原形后加-n或-en 构成过去分词 。
动词原形过去式过去分词意思动词原形过去式过去分词意思
eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给 take took taken 拿，记录，拍摄
see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道
show showed shown 展示 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画，抽签② 过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形过去式过去分词意思
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
freeze froze frozen 凝固③ 把单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”变成“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
动词原形过去式过去分词意思
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 喝④ 其他不规则动词的变化。
动词原形过去式过去分词意思
be (am, is) was been 是
be (are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
怎样巧记不规则动词
（1）原形、过去式、过去分词相同（A-A-A型）：
cast/cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/broadcast/burst/read/red/set/shut/spread/thrust/upset
（2）原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同（A-A-B型）：
beat/beat/beaten
（3）原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同（A-B-A型）：
come/came/come become/became/become
run/ran/run overcome/overcame/overcome
（4）原形不同，过去式，过去分词相同(A-B-B)：
1.在动词原型后加一个辅动词d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
2.把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
3.其他
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
leave/left/left smell/smelt/smelt
keep/kept/kept creep/crept/crept
kneel/knelt/knelt sweep/swept/swept
spell/spelt/spelt weep/wept/wept
catch/caught/caught fight/fought/fought
teach/taught/taught think/thought/thought
stand/stood/stood lay/laid/laid
understand/understood/understood pay/paid/paid
bleed/bled/bled say/said/said
feed/fed/fed stick/stuck/stuck
lead/led/led strike/struck/struck
meet/met/met tell/told/told
learn/learnt/learnt sell/sold/sold
learn/learned/learned win/won/won
burn/burnt/burnt wind/wound/wound
burn/burned/burned have（has）/had/had
deal/dealt/dealt hear/heard/heard
mean/meant/meant lean/leant/leant
dream/dreamt/dreamt lean/ leaned/leaned
bend/bent/bent shine/shone/shone
build/built/built shoot/shot/shot
lend/lent/lent show/showed/shown，
spend/spent/spent show/showed//showed
flee/fled/fled sit/sat/sat
speed/sped/sped lose/lost/lost
speed/speeded/speeded dig/dug/dug
spit/spit/spit hold/held/held
spit/spat/spat get/got/got（AmE gotten）
bring/brought/brought find/found/found
light/lit/lit make/made/made
light/lighted/lighted buy/bought/bought
（5）现在式，过去式，过去分词都不同（A-B-C型）：
1.在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
2.过去式家-n或-en构成过去分词。
3.变单词在重读音节中的的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）“u”（过去分词）。
drive/drove/driven blow/blew/blown
rise/rose/risen fly/flew/flown
wake woke/woken grow/grew/grown
do/did/done know/knew/known
go/went/gone throw/threw/thrown
see/saw/seen prove/proved/proven
eat/ate/eaten break/broke/broken
fall/fell/fallen choose/chose/chosen
give/gave/given freeze/froze/frozen
shake/shook/shaken speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken steal/stole/stolen
mistake/mistook/mistaken weave/wove/woven
forbid/forbad/forbidden begin/began/begun
forget/forgot/forgotten drink/drank/drunk
ride/rode/ridden ring/rang/rung
hide/hid/hidden sing/sang/sung
write/wrote/written sink/sank/sunk
wear/wore/worn swim/swam/swum
（6）相同动词因其过去式、过去分词有两形式而产生不同词义：
speed过去式、过去分词有两种：
sped/sped快行 speeded/speeded加速
light过去式，过去分词有两种：
lit/lit点着（表语） lighted/lighted供电，点燃的（定语）
shine过去式、过去分词有两种：
shone/shone/照耀 shined/shined擦亮
hang过去式、过去分词有两种：
hung/hung悬挂 hanged/hanged绞死
（7）drunken，stricken，sunken已转为形容词常作定语
a～ sot酒鬼 in a～manner摇摇晃晃地
（8）lie躺卧lay/lain/lying（现在分词）
lie撒谎 lied/lied/lying
lay放，下蛋laid/laid/laying
（9）come，become，overcome属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed
（10）fly，blow不是规则变化，但flow（流）是规则变化，过去式、过去分词为flowed，flowed.
（11） find发现 found found
found创建 founded founded
wind绕 wound wound
wound伤害 wounded wounded
see看见 saw seen
saw锯 sawed sawed
bear作“出生”， 过去分词有两种：born，borne，
borne用于have之后及带有by的被动句中；
born用于be born in/on/at中。
作“出生”，以外意义，其形式为bear/bore/borne忍受。